Plant
The run-up drives forward, then the plant leg catches the body and turns it into a jump: the knee-ligament (ACL) moment.
- GME Gluteus medius · not doing its share
- VM Vastus medialis · where the load lands
- GT Gluteus maximus
- VL Vastus lateralis
- SO Soleus
Chain A plant-leg gluteus medius that is too stiff or too yielding → the knee drifts inward (ACL).
Cocking
In the air, the throwing arm reaches back while the trunk winds up against the hips.
- SH Shoulder set (infraspinatus, teres major, rear deltoid)
- TR Trunk (obliques, rectus abdominis)
- LD Latissimus dorsi
- ES Erector spinae
Chain A stiff rear deltoid or mid trapezius → the back of the shoulder can't lengthen → the posterior shoulder.
Release
Hip, then trunk, then arm fire in sequence; at release the elbow straightens at top speed.
- TR Trunk (obliques, rectus abdominis) · not doing its share
- TB Triceps brachii · where the load lands
- RF Rectus femoris
- LD Latissimus dorsi
- GT Gluteus maximus
Chain Rectus femoris on the plant leg and the oblique on the throwing side not checking the trunk → the rotation overshoots → the inner elbow.
Follow-through
The arm is braked after release: the highest shoulder load of the throw.
- LD Latissimus dorsi · not doing its share
- SH Shoulder set (infraspinatus, teres major, rear deltoid) · where the load lands
- ES Erector spinae
- TR Trunk (obliques, rectus abdominis)
Chain A lat that is locked or gives way → the arm isn't braked → the front of the shoulder and the biceps tendon.
Landing
The player lands on one or both legs, often tired, and absorbs the jump.
- GME Gluteus medius · not doing its share
- VM Vastus medialis · where the load lands
- BF Biceps femoris (outer hamstring)
- ST Semitendinosus (inner hamstring)
- SO Soleus
Chain A gluteus medius that doesn't hold → the knee drifts inward (ACL).

