Sports · Athletics

Athletics: every discipline, read for its own demands.

Athletics is where MOTUS 22 was sharpened: since 2023 with the Dutch Athletics Federation at Papendal, with coach Laurent Meuwly. Each discipline has its own engine, because a hurdler and an 800 m runner ask different things of the same muscles.

Sprint

Which leg, which phase, which muscle.

Reads the glute–TFL balance, the hamstrings and the calves. Then it shows where in the race the load bites, from the blocks to the finish, and in what order to fix it.

Acceleration

The hips drive the body forward on every step, and the back of the body must be pre-tensioned before the hamstring is asked to brake.

  • GT Gluteus maximus · not doing its share
  • BF Biceps femoris (outer hamstring) · where the load lands
  • GM Gastrocnemius medialis (inner calf)
  • SO Soleus
  • ES Erector spinae

Chain A glute that contracts slowly → the upper hamstring on the same side.

workingnot doing its sharewhere the load lands
When it pays off
Pre-season · before the indoor and outdoor peaks · after a hamstring warning
Proof
  • Femke Broeders-Bol (formerly Bol): Paris 2024 gold 4×400 m mixed relay, silver 4×400 m relay; world champion 4×400 m relay 2023; indoor world record 400 m 2024.
  • Lieke Klaver: Paris 2024 gold 4×400 m mixed relay and silver 4×400 m relay; world champion 4×400 m relay 2023; world indoor silver 400 m 2024.
  • Eveline Saalberg: world champion 4×400 m relay 2023.
Hurdles

Lead leg and trail leg, read separately.

Reads lead versus trail leg over the hurdle, on take-off, clearance and touchdown, and shows which link of the chain the hamstring is covering for.

Take-off

The trail leg launches the body upward while the lead knee starts its swing forward.

  • GT Gluteus maximus · not doing its share
  • TFL Tensor fasciae latae · where the load lands
  • AL Adductor longus
  • RF Rectus femoris
  • ES Erector spinae

Chain A glute that has switched off, with the TFL covering for it → the load moves down the outside of the leg.

workingnot doing its sharewhere the load lands
When it pays off
Pre-season · before the indoor and outdoor peaks · after a hamstring warning
Proof
  • Femke Broeders-Bol (formerly Bol): Paris 2024 bronze 400 m hurdles; world champion 400 m hurdles 2023.
  • Nadine Visser: 4th, 100 m hurdles, Paris 2024.
Middle & long distance

What changed since the last scan.

Compares each runner with the squad and with their own previous scan, then follows the load to the tissue that pays.

Landing

The foot meets the ground and the leg catches the body's weight in every direction.

  • GME Gluteus medius · not doing its share
  • VL Vastus lateralis · where the load lands
  • TFL Tensor fasciae latae
  • VM Vastus medialis
  • TA Tibialis anterior

Chain A gluteus medius that gives way while the TFL is stiff → the outside of the leg: IT band, outer knee.

workingnot doing its sharewhere the load lands
When it pays off
Heavy blocks · after taper · high-mileage phases
Proof
  • Femke Broeders-Bol at 800 m from 2026: European Championships bronze (Birmingham 2026); Dutch record 1:54.71 (Zurich 2026).
  • Anita Horvat (Slovenia): 400 m, Tokyo 2021; 7th, 800 m, World Championships 2022.
Jumps & multi-events

Which phase loses height, and which muscle explains it.

For jumpers it shows which phase loses height and which muscle explains it: the penultimate step, the take-off leg or the free knee.

Approach

A short run at near-maximal speed; the legs work as in sprinting.

  • GT Gluteus maximus · not doing its share
  • BF Biceps femoris (outer hamstring) · where the load lands
  • GM Gastrocnemius medialis (inner calf)
  • SO Soleus

Chain As in the sprint: a slow-contracting glute → the outer hamstring.

workingnot doing its sharewhere the load lands
When it pays off
Technique blocks · competition build-up
Proof
  • Sofie Dokter: world indoor champion pentathlon, Toruń 2026; European bronze heptathlon, Birmingham 2026.
  • Emma Oosterwegel: Olympic bronze heptathlon, Tokyo 2021; European silver, Birmingham 2026.
  • Ben Broeders (Belgium): pole vault national record 5.85 m.
Throws

Before the arm, the block leg.

For throwers it checks whether the block leg brakes the throw before looking at the shoulder.

Crossover

The rear leg drives the body forward into the crossover while the trunk holds the bow position.

  • RF Rectus femoris
  • GT Gluteus maximus
  • GM Gastrocnemius medialis (inner calf)
  • SO Soleus
  • TR Trunk (obliques, rectus abdominis)

Chain A throwing-side oblique that has changed → less capacity to hold the bow position through the crossover.

workingnot doing its sharewhere the load lands
When it pays off
Technique blocks · competition build-up